Space Weather

Space weather describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Magnetic fields, radiation, particles and matter, which have been ejected from the Sun, can interact with the Earth’s upper atmosphere and surrounding magnetic field to produce a  variety of effects.

Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams

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Aurora forecasts

Northern Hemisphere

Coronal hole fast winds will give minor enhancements to the auroral oval on 10 July UTC, with a slight chance of aurora becoming visible from northern Scotland and similar magnetic latitudes. A potential coronal mass ejection arrival 11-12 July UTC may give further aurora over Scotland and similar magnetic latitudes. However, observations are likely to be limited by short hours of darkness.

Southern Hemisphere

Coronal hole fast winds will give minor enhancements to the auroral oval on 10 July UTC, with a slight chance of aurora becoming visible from southern New Zealand and similar magnetic latitudes. A potential coronal mass ejection arrival 11-12 July UTC may give further aurora over southern New Zealand and similar magnetic latitudes.

Issued at: 12:36 (GMT) on Fri 10 Jul 2026

Forecast overview

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Chance of R1/Radio Blackouts. Chance of G1/Minor Geomagnetic storms Day 1 (10 Jul), becoming Likely Days 2-3, with a Chance of G2/Moderate Geomagnetic storms (11-12 Jul). 

Analysis of Space Weather Activity over past 24 hours

Solar Activity: Solar activity has now fallen to Very Low, with Background flares observed. There are now five sunspot regions visible on the solar disc. The largest resides near the central meridian, however it has limited magnetic complexity. The most complex spot in the southwest is showing signs of growth and has increasing magnetic complexity. The remaining regions are small and magnetically simple, with a new small and simple region emerging in the far southwest.

No Earth directed coronal mass ejections were seen in available imagery.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar winds showed the onset of fast winds. Wind speeds rose from Slightly Elevated to Strong. Total Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Bt, was Weak to Moderate on an erratic trend, but is now weak. The north-south component, Bz, varied moderately, and was mostly southward directed. Geomagnetic activity was Quiet to Active (Kp2-4). 

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) was at background levels. 

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Mostly Low or Very Low activity, but with a Chance of isolated Moderate-class flares.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: A coronal mass ejection was observed leaving the Sun at 09/0713 UTC. This is Likely to give a glancing blow late Day 2 or Day 3 (11-12 Jul). No other Earth directed coronal mass ejections have been observed.

Solar wind speeds have become Elevated to Strong, due to expected coronal hole fast winds. Strong solar wind speeds are likely to continue on Day 1 (10 Jul), gradually easing during Day 2. However, the possible coronal mass ejection arrival later Day 2 into Day 3 could prolong Elevated wind speeds for much of this period. A further coronal hole in the southern hemisphere, may bring some slight enhancements to the solar wind around the time of any coronal mass ejection arrival, however, this is low confidence with Earth currently well to the north of the solar equator and these faster winds may pass below Earth's orbit.

Geomagnetic activity is expected to be Unsettled to Active (Kp3-4), with a chance of G1/Minor storm intervals (Kp5) on Day 1, before activity declines into Day 2. Any coronal mass ejection arrival should increase activity once again late Day 2 into Day 3 with Unsettled to G1/Minor storm conditions and a Chance of a G2/Moderate storm interval (Kp6). Geomagnetic activity then easing again into Day 4 (13 Jul).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) is most likely to remain at background levels.

Issued at: 12:23 (GMT) on Fri 10 Jul 2026

Solar imagery

SDO AIA-193

This channel highlights the outer atmosphere of the Sun - called the corona - as well as hot flare plasma. Hot active regions, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections will appear bright here. The dark areas - called coronal holes - are places where very little radiation is emitted, yet are the main source of solar wind particles.

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SDO AIA-304

This channel is especially good at showing areas where cooler dense plumes of plasma (filaments and prominences) are located above the visible surface of the Sun. Many of these features either can't be seen or appear as dark lines in the other channels. The bright areas show places where the plasma has a high density.

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