Space Weather

Space weather describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Magnetic fields, radiation, particles and matter, which have been ejected from the Sun, can interact with the Earth’s upper atmosphere and surrounding magnetic field to produce a  variety of effects.

Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams

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Aurora forecasts

Northern Hemisphere

The auroral oval is expected to remain quiet through the start of the period with limited sightings expected. Auroral enhancements are possible on Tuesday night (UTC) due to the arrival of several Coronal Mass Ejections. However, any visibility is likely to be restricted to the northern parts of the UK. Viewing opportunities will also be limited by any cloud cover and the short hours of darkness at this time of year.

Southern Hemisphere

The auroral oval is expected to remain quiet through the start of the period with limited sightings expected. Auroral enhancements are possible on Tuesday night (UTC) due to the arrival of several Coronal Mass Ejections. However, any visibility is likely to be restricted to the southern parts of the New Zealand and Tasmania. Viewing opportunities will also be limited by any cloud cover and the short hours of darkness at this time of year.

Issued at: 09:23 (GMT) on Sat 27 Jun 2026

Forecast overview

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Low to Moderate solar activity. G1-G2 Minor to Moderate storms from Coronal Mass Ejection arrival on day 3 and into day 4 (30 Jun-01 Jul).

Analysis of Space Weather Activity over past 24 hours

Solar Activity: Low with occasional Common-class flares, peaking at 27/2102 UTC from a small sunspot region in the southwest disc, alongside a much slower occurring flare, associated with changes in the surrounding magnetic material near the spot. Despite it being a small region in visible appearance it does have more complex magnetic looping above the region. The large, but mature and relatively inactive region in the southwest continued to simplify. A new region was observed emerging in the south-centre disc, while the region in the northeast has stabilised as a simple bipolar spot, and very small region in the northwest has gradually decayed.

The broad flare from near the small sunspot has produced a weak Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). However analysis is still ongoing. 

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar winds showed the easing connection to the fast winds of a coronal hole. Solar wind speeds, as measured were initially Strong, at around 650 km/s, but eased through the period to become Slightly Elevated at just below 500km/s. Total Interplanetary Magnetic Field was Weak with its north-south component also Weak and variable in direction. Geomagnetic activity was Quiet to Unsettled (Kp1-3).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) has persisted at Background with no Solar Radiation Storms occurring.

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Low to Moderate activity is expected with isolated Moderate-class flares likely, and a very slight chance of a Strong (X-class) flare.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: There are up to two Earth-directed CMEs from the eruption late on 26 Jun, however these are likely to combine to give a single weak arrival on day 3 (30 Jun). Otherwise ongoing fast winds will continue easing toward Background by the end of day 2 (29 Jun). Geomagnetic activity is expected to be Quiet with only a chance of Unsettled intervals. CME arrival on day 3 is expected to increase activity to Active to G1 Minor Storms with a chance of G2 Moderate Storms. These most likely with any following magnetic cloud, with the risk continuing into day 4 (01 Jul).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) is expected to persist at Background with no Solar Radiation Storms occurring.

Issued at: 00:29 (GMT) on Sun 28 Jun 2026

Solar imagery

SDO AIA-193

This channel highlights the outer atmosphere of the Sun - called the corona - as well as hot flare plasma. Hot active regions, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections will appear bright here. The dark areas - called coronal holes - are places where very little radiation is emitted, yet are the main source of solar wind particles.

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SDO AIA-304

This channel is especially good at showing areas where cooler dense plumes of plasma (filaments and prominences) are located above the visible surface of the Sun. Many of these features either can't be seen or appear as dark lines in the other channels. The bright areas show places where the plasma has a high density.

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