Space Weather

Space weather describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Magnetic fields, radiation, particles and matter, which have been ejected from the Sun, can interact with the Earth’s upper atmosphere and surrounding magnetic field to produce a  variety of effects.

Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams

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Aurora forecasts

Northern Hemisphere

Later on Sunday and through Monday, a solar wind enhancement from a coronal hole, coupled with a low confidence, very weak and glancing CME, could give a modest enhancement to the aurora. This could bring some limited aurora visibility to northernmost latitudes, perhaps as far south as the far north of Scotland. A further similar enhancement is possible on Tuesday

Southern Hemisphere

Later on Sunday and through Monday, a solar wind enhancement coupled with a low confidence, very weak and glancing Coronal Mass Ejection, could give a modest enhancement to the aurora. This could bring some limited aurora visibility to southernmost latitudes, and perhaps allowing some visibility from the far south of New Zealand. A further similar enhancement is possible on Tuesday

Issued at: 12:57 (GMT) on Sun 6 Sep 2026

Forecast overview

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Chance of Moderate class flares, slight chance of isolated Strong class flares. 

Analysis of Space Weather Activity over past 24 hours

Solar Activity: Moderate, with only one Moderate-class flare observed at 05/1518UTC from an area of plage near the southwest limb. There are currently six sunspot regions on the visible disc. These are magnetically simple and relatively small. 

A coronal mass ejection (CME) which followed a Common-flare from a sunspot region approaching centre disc at 05/1043UTC has been analysed and may give a glancing blow at Earth on day 4 (9 Sep). No other Earth-directed CMEs were observed during the period, although a number of eruptions were visible from the activity close to the northeast limb.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar winds as measured at L1 by SOLAR-1 were indicative of the slow wind. Solar wind speed were at background levels through the period. Interplanetary Magnetic Field was Weak. The north-south component, Bz, varied Weakly. Geomagnetic activity was Quiet (Kp 0-2).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) at geostationary orbit reached S1 minor solar radiation storm at 05/1615UTC following the Moderate-class flare near the southwest limb. The S1 minor storm was short-lived and has now ceased. 

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Low-Moderate activity is likely with a chance of further isolated M-class flares and a slight chance of an isolated X-class flare, most likely from the regions close to the east limb.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: A weak CME from 02 Sep may give a slight enhancement on passing either later day 1 or day 2 (06-07 Sep), although confidence is low. A coronal hole is also expected to bring faster solar winds through a similar period, although confidence is low on timing and strength. A further CME from 5 Sep may give a glancing blow on day 4 (9 Sep). Geomagnetic activity is expected to be mostly Quiet (Kp0-2), likely increasing to Unsettled to Active (Kp3-4) on days 1-2 (06-07 Sep), with a chance of an isolated Minor storm/G1 (Kp5) intervals, most likely on day 2 (07 Sep), before gradually waning on day 3 (08 Sep). If the CME impacts Earth on day 4 (9 Sep) further Active (Kp 4) intervals become likely with a slight chance of G1 minor geomagnetic storms. 

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The number of energetic particles (high energy proton flux) is forecast to remain at Background, with no Solar Radiation Storms expected.

Issued at: 12:30 (GMT) on Sun 6 Sep 2026

Solar imagery

SDO AIA-193

This channel highlights the outer atmosphere of the Sun - called the corona - as well as hot flare plasma. Hot active regions, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections will appear bright here. The dark areas - called coronal holes - are places where very little radiation is emitted, yet are the main source of solar wind particles.

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SDO AIA-304

This channel is especially good at showing areas where cooler dense plumes of plasma (filaments and prominences) are located above the visible surface of the Sun. Many of these features either can't be seen or appear as dark lines in the other channels. The bright areas show places where the plasma has a high density.

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