Space Weather

Space weather describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Magnetic fields, radiation, particles and matter, which have been ejected from the Sun, can interact with the Earth’s upper atmosphere and surrounding magnetic field to produce a  variety of effects.

Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams

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Aurora forecasts

Northern Hemisphere

No significant space weather is expected initially, with aurora sightings unlikely. Later on Wednesday 23rd September, fast winds are expected to arrive, bringing a chance of aurora sightings on Wednesday 23rd and Thursday 24th September across parts of Scotland, where skies are clear.

Southern Hemisphere

No significant space weather is expected initially, with aurora sightings unlikely. Later on Wednesday 23rd September UTC, fast winds are expected to arrive, bringing a chance of aurora sightings on Wednesday 23rd and Thursday 24th September UTC across southern parts of New Zealand, where skies are clear.

Issued at: 01:25 (GMT) on Mon 21 Sep 2026

Forecast overview

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Generally quiet Space Weather conditions initially, then Chance of G1/Minor Geomagnetic Storming on Days 3 and 4.

Analysis of Space Weather Activity over past 24 hours

Solar Activity: Solar activity has been Low, peaking with a low level common class flare at 20/2234 UTC from near centre disk.. There are now six sunspot regions on the visible disc. One in the north centre disk, currently the most significant spot, with a rapidly developing, increasingly complex magnetic structure. Although currently of modest size due to lack of any significant leading or trailing region, a proliferation of spots has occurred throughout the region, with a delta configuration forming within the northern intermediate portion. Both of the regions in the far east of the disk, one in the southeast and another in the northeast, have developed bipolarity, with moderately sized leading portions followed by smaller trailing regions. The other regions are currently small and simple.

There were no Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed during the period. 

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar winds were indicative of a waning connection to coronal hole fast winds. Solar wind speeds were slightly elevated easing to slow-ambient. The Interplanetary Magnetic Field was Weak. The north-south component varied Weakly. Geomagnetic activity was Quiet to Unsettled (Kp 0-3).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: No solar radiation storms were observed, with proton flux levels remaining background.

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Solar activity is forecast to remain Low or Very Low, with a Slight Chance of becoming Moderate.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: No Earth-directed coronal mass ejections currently feature in the forecast period. Solar winds are expected to be largely Slow-Ambient speeds until day 3 (23 Sep). Thereafter, wind speeds should become Elevated from the next coronal hole fast winds, which is currently anticipated to occur either later on day 3 (23 Sep) or on day 4 (24 Sep).

Geomagnetic activity is forecast to be mostly Quiet throughout the start of the period, with a slight chance of isolated Unsettled intervals. From later day 3 (23 Sep) or early day 4 (24 Sep), due to the onset of coronal hole fast winds, Active (Kp4) intervals are Likely, with a Chance of G1/Minor Storms (Kp5).

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: No solar radiation storms are expected through the period.

Issued at: 00:16 (GMT) on Mon 21 Sep 2026

Solar imagery

SDO AIA-193

This channel highlights the outer atmosphere of the Sun - called the corona - as well as hot flare plasma. Hot active regions, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections will appear bright here. The dark areas - called coronal holes - are places where very little radiation is emitted, yet are the main source of solar wind particles.

Issued at:

SDO AIA-304

This channel is especially good at showing areas where cooler dense plumes of plasma (filaments and prominences) are located above the visible surface of the Sun. Many of these features either can't be seen or appear as dark lines in the other channels. The bright areas show places where the plasma has a high density.

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