Space Weather

Space weather describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Magnetic fields, radiation, particles and matter, which have been ejected from the Sun, can interact with the Earth’s upper atmosphere and surrounding magnetic field to produce a  variety of effects.

Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams

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Aurora forecasts

Northern Hemisphere

Up to three coronal mass ejections are expected to arrive at Earth, one late 11 or early 12 Jul UTC, then up to two later 13 or early 14 Jul UTC. These may enhance aurora over Scotland and similar magnetic latitudes on Saturday and Monday nights UTC. However, any aurora sightings are likely to be limited by short hours of darkness.

Southern Hemisphere

Up to three coronal mass ejections are expected to arrive at Earth, one late 11 or early 12 Jul UTC, then up to two later 13 or early 14 Jul UTC. These may enhance aurora over southern New Zealand and similar magnetic latitudes at times.

Issued at: 12:48 (GMT) on Sat 11 Jul 2026

Forecast overview

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Chance of R1/Radio Blackouts. Likely G1/Minor, Chance of G2/Moderate Geomagnetic storms at times throughout.

Analysis of Space Weather Activity over past 24 hours

Solar Activity: Solar activity is Low, with a peak C6.0 flare from a region in the southwest at 10/1459UTC. There are five sunspot regions visible on the solar disc. The spot in the south near the central meridian is moderately sized and has continued a slow decline, now simple. The spot in the southwest is also moderately sized but with a mostly simple magnetic configuration. The remaining regions are small and simple.

Three coronal mass ejections were observed on the afternoon of 10 Jul, one of which was from a filament eruption in the east and is expected to miss behind Earths orbit. The other two originated from the moderately sized spot in the southwest, one southward directed and the other produced a faint partial halo, both in quick succession. These have been analysed as arriving at Earth later on 13 or early 14 July, perhaps as a single event.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar winds were indicative of a waning coronal hole high speed stream. Winds speeds fell from Strong to Elevated. Total Interplanetary Magnetic Field was Weak. The north-south component varied Weakly. Geomagnetic activity was Quiet to Unsettled (Kp1-3). 

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) was at background levels. 

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Mostly Low or Very Low activity, but with a Chance of isolated Moderate-class flares.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Up to three coronal mass ejections feature in the forecast. The first is expected to give a glancing blow late Day 1 or Day 2 (11-12 Jul). The second and third are expected to either combine as a single arrival or arrive in succession later on Day 3 or on Day 4 (13/14 Jul). 

Solar wind speeds are now Elevated, due to waning coronal hole fast winds. Solar wind speeds are likely to erratically wane until the arrival of the 09 Jul CME later Day 1 or on Day 2 (11-12 Jul), when speeds may increase slightly, before easing into Day 3 (13 Jul). Later on Day 3 or early Day 4 (13 or 14 Jul), the two 10 Jul CMEs are likely to arrive, raising speeds back to Elevated, perhaps briefly Strong.

Geomagnetic activity is expected to be Quiet to Unsettled at first on Day 1 (11 Jul) increasing to Active, with Likely G1/Minor storms and a Chance of isolated G2/Moderate storm intervals late Day 1 into Day 2 (11-12 Jul), then again later Day 3 into Day 4 (13-14 Jul) due to coronal mass ejection arrivals. 

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) is most likely to remain at background levels.

Issued at: 12:22 (GMT) on Sat 11 Jul 2026

Solar imagery

SDO AIA-193

This channel highlights the outer atmosphere of the Sun - called the corona - as well as hot flare plasma. Hot active regions, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections will appear bright here. The dark areas - called coronal holes - are places where very little radiation is emitted, yet are the main source of solar wind particles.

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SDO AIA-304

This channel is especially good at showing areas where cooler dense plumes of plasma (filaments and prominences) are located above the visible surface of the Sun. Many of these features either can't be seen or appear as dark lines in the other channels. The bright areas show places where the plasma has a high density.

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